As the narrator of Farewell to Manzanar, Jeanne describes events in a very unemotional and observational way, as if looking on from a distance.
This tone is effective because it helps her keep the factual accounts of the events she witnesses separate from her emotions at the time she witnesses them. She is careful about how she mixes her own analysis and reflection as a writer with the events she is telling as a narrator.
The story tends to come in waves of information, and between waves Jeanne takes a step back and tells us what she thought of things as they were happening and how she thinks of them now.
These moments of reflection combined with the way Jeanne freely jumps in time within chapters give the impression that she is writing and commenting on things at the same time that she is remembering them.
Throughout the memoir she emphasizes that she was young at the time and did not really understand the war or the real motives behind the camp. As a young girl she is unaware that U. Related Symbols: Stones , Barbed Wire. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance. Chapter 1: What is Pearl Harbor.
On the first weekend of December , Jeanne Wakatsuki has just turned seven. Jeanne is used to seeing the boats disappear beyond the horizon, but this time they stop Chapter 2: Shikata Ga Nai. Jeanne was born on a farm in Inglewood, but she grew up near the water in Mama and Woody go to work packing celery, while Jeanne and her siblings Kiyo and May go to school.
Jeanne is confused and hurt that Proud to be wearing a new coat, Jeanne reports to a pickup point with her family and boards a Greyhound bus headed inland Jeanne is very excited about the trip, and she feels safe on the bus.
Half the By late afternoon, the bus reaches Manzanar. Jeanne sees a red, dusty landscape; dust swirls around the bus and pelts the windows.
However, no one protests; when Jeanne opens her mouth Mama pokes her, warning her not to be impolite. In fact, the Wakatsukis are lucky to be living only with family members. As the youngest child, Jeanne gets to sleep next to Mama.
Chapter 3: A Different Kind of Sand. Even their eyebrows are gray. Jeanne and Kiyo find this funny, but Mama is scanning the surroundings with a mask-like face. Chapter 4: A Common Master Plan. That morning, Jeanne and her family wait half an hour in freezing wind to get breakfast.
They bring Jeanne laughs when she sees Mama wearing old trousers much too big for her, but the At the beginning, Jeanne is constantly plagued with stomach cramps and diarrhea, caused by typhoid vaccinations, spoiled food, and The first time Jeanne and Mama visit the latrine on Block 16, they find it covered in excrement and Eventually, the internees build partitions in the latrines, one by one.
Many women Chapter 5: Almost a Family. Jeanne is too young to be humiliated by the camp as Mama is, but life at Various family members trek across the camp Although they have to stay near Mama, Jeanne and Kiyo eat with groups of other kids; they enjoy the independence. After a few Mama had been a dietician before With no school to attend and no real home, Jeanne begins to study catechism with the nuns.
Everyone goes to meet him except Chizu, who has just given birth. Father has Just before Jeanne is born, he becomes a fisherman, doing well enough to buy his two boats and Jeanne acknowledges that even without internment, Papa could have lost his business or wrecked a boat—being Chapter 7: Fort Lincoln: An Interview.
Papa tells the officer Chapter 8: Inu. Mama falls on a mattress and Jeanne crawls under a bunk. If she were at home, she could go into another room Papa continues to drink and continues to abuse Mama, Chapter 9: The Mess Hall Bells.
Papa never speaks about his time in Fort Lincoln, and Jeanne believes that his silence is a result of his deep shame at being accused of She looks out the window and sees the searchlights sweeping over the camp In an aside, Jeanne takes on the perspective of her brother-in-law Kaz, the foreman of a reservoir crew and Chapter Yes Yes No No.
For Jeanne , the holiday season is dispiriting—there are no good presents, the weather is terrible, and Papa Jeanne is too young to understand the quandary; she only knows that men are constantly coming During the meeting, Jeanne plays hopscotch with other girls in the windy yard.
Walking home, hears men yelling inside As Jeanne later finds out, when Papa speaks during the meeting people begin murmuring and calling him A minute later, a sandstorm hits. The men drag Papa into the barracks and Jeanne follows him. He sits silently inside while Mama pours him tea, and Woody and Chizu Later, Jeanne learns that Papa had grown up singing the national anthem every morning at school. Chapter Manzanar, U. A woman is walking down the path; Jeanne knows that this road leads towards the edge of the camp, but the barbed wire Chapter Outings, Explorations.
After moving to Block 28 an establishing a better sense of order, Jeanne becomes happier and more tranquil in Manzanar. Moreover, she finally has a real school to Jeanne sings in the elementary school glee club, learning folk songs that are popular throughout the Still, Jeanne reflects that if someone told her she was free to leave Manzanar, she would have Still, Jeanne is fascinated with the Japanese lifestyle the geisha embodies, and she explores it through two Fed up with the geisha, Jeanne turns to ballet, which seems like a fun idea.
She reports to an abandoned barracks But when the woman eventually takes off her ballet shoes She resumes studying with the nuns Sister Papa is immediately Chapter In the Firebreak. In retrospect, Jeanne is thankful that Papa prevented her from making such a serious religious decision at the As the youngest child, Jeanne is used to receiving a lot of attention from her parents, but now she turns On the second afternoon, Jeanne is walking through a firebreak to the hospital with Papa when they see Mama running Both of them continue to weep and talk quietly, as Jeanne watches.
Chapter Departures. A photo of their departure later appears in the camp paper. Jeanne is almost as distraught as if Papa were leaving, since Woody has been such a As Jeanne watches Woody depart, she stands between Mama and Chizu; because of this, she remembers the Jeanne says that when the answers to these questions become clear, the family only becomes more Chapter Free to Go.
Moreover, the Wakatsukis are now used to living only among other Japanese. Jeanne compares his paralysis to that of black slaves at the end of the Civil War On the first morning, Jeanne and Mama try to use the latrine in their block but discover that the toilets are overflowing onto the already excrement-covered floor.
They try another latrine two blocks away. The latrine is like every other latrine in each of the ten camps, which were all built according to the same plan. The toilets are back to back, with no partitions. One old woman sets up a cardboard box around her toilet as a makeshift partition. She offers the partition to Mama, who graciously accepts it. Cardboard partitions become widely used until wooden partitions arrive, but many people choose to wait to use the bathroom until late at night for more privacy.
Like many Japanese, Mama never gets used to the latrines because she places a high value on privacy, but she endures them because she knows that cooperation is the only way to survive. Her carefree attitude upon arriving at Manzanar rubs off on her siblings, and their jokes the first morning about the dust, among other things reflect their view that the camp is more an adventure than a hardship.
Uninformed for the moment about the war and the biased motives behind the internment, the younger Wakatsuki children view the camp as something of a game.
Only when they are mature enough to understand the prejudice against them do their impressions of the camp change.
Whereas the children joke about the cracks, the knotholes, and the uninsulated clapboard walls, Mama sees them for the terrible living conditions they represent. Japanese culture places high value on privacy and cleanliness, and the American government insults the Japanese greatly by giving them no way to act according to these values. Cooperation is crucial to the Japanese attempts to make do in the ill-prepared and ill-managed camp. They believe that working together to survive, such as by sewing usable garments out of surplus material and sharing cardboard toilet partitions, is more productive than fighting against their oppressors.
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